Method and apparatus for grinding surfaces



J. L. YOUNG METHDD AND APPARATUS FOR GRINDING SURFACES May 31,1927. V1,6301685 Filed Jan. 14. 1925 2 Sheets-Shae}. 1

60 so 47 8 4/ m as d0 5 35 lead 36 mvsmoa Jacoblowe )iwqg ATTORNEYS- May31 1927. 1,630,685

J. L. YOUNG METHOD AND APPARATUS Eon GRINDING sunmcns Filed Jan 14. 19252 Sheets-Sheet INVENTOR Jacob Lowe 1611239 ATTORNEY5 Patented May 31,1927.

JACOB LOWE YOUNG, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GRINDING SURFACES.

Application filed January 14, 1925. Serial No. 2,314.

This invention relates to the art of grinding surfaces and moreparticularly to the internal grinding of cylinders.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a method and apparatuswhereby the actual grinding of the surface ma be done by a suitablegrinding paste, suc as carborundum paste.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for feedingthegrinding paste. betgeen a grinding tool and the surface that is beingground as the grinding operatlon progresses.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a top plan new of the grinding apparatuspartly in section showing a block of cylinders mounted thereon to beground;

Fig. 2 a section taken approximately on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 a detail view showing the manner of disconnecting the cylindersand tools from the apparatus; I

Fig. 4 a'section through the. apparatus taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;b

Fig. 5 a longitudinal section through one of the grinding tools;

Fig. 6 a'detail section showing the paste feeding means;

Fig. 7 a transverse section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5; and

ig. 8 an end view of the grinding tool.

Referring to the parts by numerals 1 designates the supporting frame ofthe grinding apparatus. A drive shaft 2 extends across the top 3 of theframe adjacent one edge andis. supported in bearings 4 mounted on theframe top. A plurality of worms 5 are keyed to the shaft along itslength and are adapted to rotate a series of worm-wheels 6 keyed to aseries of short tool-driving shafts 7. The shafts 7 are each supportedto rotate within spaced bearings 8 mounted upon the frame top, and thenumber of said shafts corresponds to-the number of cylinders to begroundsimultaneouslyw In the drawin s, the apparatus is shown as adaptedto grin the four cylinders ofa gas engine. The cylinder block B ismounted upon the top 3 of the frame in any suitable manner with itscylinders in a horizontal position and each centered with one of thetool driving shafts 7 Prior to placing the cylinder block in position, agrinding tool 9 is placed within'each cylinder. These tools arecylindrical in form and each is'divided longitudinally intosemi-cylindrical halves 10"which grindlng are adapted to be forced a artto expand the tool, as will be presently of the halves 10 is formed withinner and outer semi-cylindrical walls 11 and 12 respectively. Thesewalls are spaced apart to provide an annular space 13 therebetween. Thespace 13 is confined at the ends of the tool halves by the end walls-14;and along the lines of separation of the tool halves by thelongitudinally extending Walls 15. A shaft 16 extends longitudinallythrough the center of each tool and has spaced collars 17 and 18 whichare located adjacent the opposite ends of thetool. The collar 17 isconnected with both tool halves 10'at diametrically opposite points ofthe tool by means o-f outwardly extending links 19. Each link is pivotedat its inner end between a pair of pivot ears 20 on the collar escribed.Each fixed to it a pair of 17 and is pivoted at its outer end between apair of pivot ears 21 on the end walls 14 of the tool halves. The collar18 is connected in precisely the same manner by means of links 19' tothe opposite ends of the tool halves. 7

The links 19 and 19 are of the same length and are disposed parallel toeach other to provide a toggle connection between the shaft 16 and thetool halves, whereby when .the shaft is moved longitudinally in onedireetion relatively to the tool, the tool will be expanded equallythroughout its length. Located between the inner .walls of the toolhalves are two pairs of tension springs 22 each of which is connected atone end tov an inwardl extending guide tube 23 fixed to one of t ehalves and at its opposite end to a rod 24 fixed to the other tool halfand adapted to telescope within the tube 23. These springs serve toautomatically contract the tool when the expanding thrust upon the shaft16 is relaxed. The shaft 16 extends beyond the collar 18 and is formedwith a squared tapered end 25. The opposite end of the shaft extendsbeyond the collar 17 and is reduced to form a centering pin 26.

- Extending outwardly from the end wall 14 of each of the tool halves 10at the end adjacent the collar 18 is a tubular extension 27. Each ofthese tubes opens into the space 13 between the inner and outer walls ofits respective tool half and is internally threaded throughout itslength to receive a threaded plunger 28. An outwardly extending stem 29of considerable length is fixed to the plunger and carries at its outerend aflstar end of the frame top wheel 30. The plunger is adapted to beunscrewed by means of the star wheel and removed from the tube 27. Theannular space 13 may then be charged through the tube 27 with a suitablegrinding paste, such as carborundum paste. The outer walls 13 of thetool halves are formed with closely spaced openings 31 to rovide thetool with a foramin'ous grindlng face 32. The space 13 and the tube 27are filled with the paste and when the plunger is reinserted in the tubeand screwed inwardly, the paste will be forced by the pressure of theplunger out through the foraminous face of the tool.

A tool driving and abutment fork 33 is keyed to each tool-driving shaft7 and the ends of said fork are bifurcated as at 34. These bifurcatedends are adapted to straddle the diametrically located pivot ears 21upon the tool and to abut the end of the tool. This provides a separabledriving connection between the shaft 7 and the tool. The fork 33 iscentrally formed with a socket 35 in alinement with the center of shaft27 and adapted to receive the centering pin ,26 of the tool.

A cross head 36 is located at th opposite 3 from the main drive shaft 2and extends parallel to the said shaft. This crosshead is slidablebetween guides 37 at its ends, mounted upon the top of the frame and isadapted to have a limited parallel movement toward or from the adjacentends of the tools 10. This movement is given to the crosshead by meansof a lag screw 38 swiveled at its inner end to an upstanding ear 39 uponthe crosshead and threaded through a sleeve 40 fixed 'to the frame 1,said screw being adapted to be turned by means of a hand wheel 41. Thecrosshead 36 serves as a carrier and support for a bearing-supportingguides 43 at its ends and adapted to be slid upon the crosshead towardand from the tools. .The bar 42 carries a series of tool centeringthrust bearings 44 pivotally mounted in the bar and formed with squaredsockets 45 in alinement with the sockets 35. The sockets 45 are adaptedto receive the squared ends 25- of the tool shafts 16 and center thetools within the cylinders to be ground.

' When a block of cylinders is to be ground the tools are first placedthereon and then the cylinder block frame 1 with the bifurcated ends ofthe driving forks 33engaging the pivot ears 21 of the tools and thecentering pin 26 engaging in the socket 35 of the fork. A preliminaryadjustment of the'bearin s44 toward the squared shaft ends 25is t enmade by turning the hand wheel 41 and moving the crosshead 36 and thebar 42 toward the tools.

The final adjustment of the centering and thrust bearings 44 for thepurpose of accubar 42 mounted between' and tools are placed upon therately expanding the tools is made by means of a screw 46 formed with aknob 47 and threaded through a bracket 48 fixed to the center of thecrosshead 36. The screw 46 is swiveled at its lower end to a downwardlytapered wedge 49. The opposite wedge faces of the wedge engage thebeveled faces 50 of a pair of adjusting bars 51. The bars extend fromthe wedge toward the guided ends of the crosshcad 36 and have theirouter ends beveled as at 52. The ends of the hearing supporting bar 42are formed rcarwardly with beveled extensions 52. These extensions areadapted to be engaged by the beveled ends of the rods 51.

By forcing the wedge 49 downwardly by means of the screw 46. the bars 51will be moved outwardly and its beveled ends will be forced against thebeveled extensions 53 and give the bar 42 a forward parallel movement.The bearings 44 will be carried for ward by bar 42 and exert a thrustupon the shafts 16 which,-,through the toggle links, will expand thetools. The forks 33 abutting against the ends of the tools prevent themfrom being moved longitudinally by the expanding thrust of the shaft 16.The socket 35 is sufficiently long to permit the reduced end of theshaft to slide therein when expanding the.tool. In order to re duce thefriction caused by the expanding thrust, the forks 33 and the bearings44 at the opposite ends of the tools are shouldered and ball bearings 54and 55 are interposed between the shouldered forks and the bearings 8and between the shouldered bearings 44 and the bar 42 respectively. Theadjustment bars 51 are guided by guide brackets 56 and connected to thebars 51 and to the innermost brackets are tension springs 57. Thesesprings tend to retract the bars and hold them against the wedge whenthe wedge is drawn upwardly. 4 As previously described, before thegrindmg operation is started the tools are filled with grinding paste.The actual grinding is done by this paste, and in order to feed thepaste out through the foraminous grinding face of the tool asthegrinding progresses, automatic feeding means are provided. Upon theupper edge of the bar 42 a shaft 58 is rockably mounted and has a numberof collars 59 mounted thereon corresponding to the number of tools andcarrying radially extending pins 60. These pins are adapted,

by turning the shaft: 58 through the means of a handle 61, to be swunginto the path of movement of the star wheels 30. .As the tools arerotated therefore through the main drive shaft 2, the shafts 7 and theforks 33 for the grinding of the cylinders. the points of the starwheels will engage the pins 60 and be turned slightly upon each rotationof the tools. The turning of the star wheels will force the plungers 28inwardly through tubes 27 and press the grinding paste out through theforaminous grinding faces of the tools. The close spacing of theapertures in the grinding faces of the tools ensures an evendistribution of the paste over the said faces and a uniform grindingofthe cylinders by the paste. When it is desired to discontinue thepaste feed, shaft 58 is rocked back to move the ins upwardly out of thepath of the star w eels. A click spring.62 is adapted to engage eitherof a pair of spaced notches on one of the collars 59 and yieldingly holdthe shaft and pins either in operative or in-operative position.

At the completion of the grinding operation the cross-head 36 isretracted by turning the hand wheel 41. The tools are then freed fromthe forks 33 as shown in Fig. 3 and the cylinder block and tools arefree to be lifted from the apparatus.

It will, of course, be understood that the invention is not restrictedto the internal grinding of cylinders but that it compreheuds thegrinding of surfaces of various forms either internal or external. Itwill be further understood that the invention is not restricted tomoving the grinding tool toward the surface to be ground as the grindingprogresses, as it is obvious that the grinding result may beaccomplished by relative movement of either the surface or the tool.

What I claim is:

1. An apparatus for grinding surfaces, comprising a hollow rotatablegrinding tool adapted to be filled with grinding paste, means forrotating. the tool, and an automatic mechanical means carried by thegrinding tool for maintaining a pressure on said paste to positivelyforce it between the grinding face of the tool and the surface to beground.

2. An apparatus for grinding surfaces, comprising a hollow rotatablegrinding tool adapted to be filled with grinding paste, means forrotating the tool, and mechanicalmean operated by the said tool-rotatingmeans to automatically maintain a pressure. upon said paste andpositively force it be tween the rinding face of thetool and the surfaceto e ground.

3. An apparatus for grinding surfaces, comprising a hollow rotatablegrinding tool formed with a foraminous grinding face and adapted to befilled with grinding paste, and an automatic mechanical means carried bythe grinding tool and operated by the rotation of said tool formaintaining apres= sure upon the said paste to positively force it outthrough the foraminous face of the tool during the grinding operation.

4. An apparatus for grinding surfaces, comprising a hollow rotatablegrinding tool formed with a foraminous grinding face and adapted to befilled with grinding paste, means to rotate said tool, and means, op-

foraminous face of the tool erated by the said tool-rotating means toautomatically force said paste out through the foraminous face of thetool during the grinding operation.

5. Anapparatus for grinding surfaces, comprising a hollow grinding toolformed with a foraminous grinding face and adapted to be filled withgrinding paste, means to cause relative rotation between the tool andthe surface to be ground, and an automatic mechanical-means carried bythe grinding tool for maintaining a pressure upon said paste topositively force it out through the during the grinding operation. I

6. An apparatus for grinding surfaces, comprising a hollow grinding toolformed with a foraminous grinding face and adapted to be filled withgrinding paste, means to cause relative movement between the rindingtool and the surface to be groun and an automatic mechanical meanscarried by the grinding tool and operated by the relative movementbetween the grinding tool and the surface to be ground for maintaining apressure upon said paste to positively force it out through theforaminous face of the tool during the grinding operation.

7. An apparatus for simultaneously grinding a plurality of surfaces,comprising a plurality of grinding tools, means to cause simultaneousrelative grinding movement between the tools and the said surfaces, andmeans operated by said movement-causing means to automatically feedgrinding paste between the grinding faces of the tools and the surfacesto be ground.

8. An apparatus for simultaneously grinding a plurality of surfaces,comprising a plurality of hollow rotatable grinding tools formed withforaminous grinding faces and adapted to be filled withgrin ng paste,means to cause simultaneous relative rotation between the tools and saidsurfaces to be ground, and means operated by said rotation-causing meansto'automatically force the said paste out through the foraminousgrinding faces of the tools.

9. An apparatus for simultaneously grinding a plurality of surfaces,comprising a plurality of grinding tools, means to cause slmultaneousrelative grinding movement between the tools and the surfaces to beground, means to automatically and positively feed grinding paste underpressure between the grinding faces of the tools and said surfaces, andmeans to simultaneously and synchronously move the tools toward the saidsurfaces as the grinding progresses.

10. An apparatus for grinding concave surfaces, comprising an expandiblegrinding tool, means to cause relative rotation between the grindingtool and the surface to be ground, means operated by saidrotationcausing means to automatically feed grindllO tool and saidsurface,

11. An apparatus for internally grindinga plurality of cylinderssimultaneous'l comprising a plurality of rotatable iollow grinding toolseach formed with a foraminous grinding face and adapted to be filledwith grinding paste, means to simultaneously rotate said tools, means topositively force saidpaste out through the foraminous faces of thetools, and means to expand the tools simultaneously and equally as thegrinding progresses.

12. An apparatus for internally grinding a plurality of cylinderssimultaneously, comprising a plurality of rotatable hollow grindingtools each formed with a foraminous grinding face and adapted to befilled with grinding paste, means to simultaneously rotate said tools,means adapted to be operated by the rotation of the tools toautomatically force said paste out through the foraminous faces of thetools, and means to expand the tools simultaneously and equally as thegrinding progresses.

13. An apparatus comprising a hollow grinding tool formed with aforaminous grinding face and adapted to be filled with grinding paste,means to for grinding surfaces,

cause relative grinding movement between the tool and the surface to beground, means adapted to cause the said paste to be forcibly andpositively and automatically fed through the foraminous face of the toolby the said grinding movement, and means to render said paste feedingmeans inoperative by relieving the pressure on said paste.

14. In a grinding machine, a plurality of tool-driving shafts and meansfor simultaneously and synchronously rotating them, a tool-engagingmember on each of said shafts, a plurality of cylindrical grindingtoolseach composed of expansible sections for internal grinding, a shaft foreach of these grinding tools, means normally tending to draw saidsections inwardly away from the work, means carried by the toolshaftsfor expanding said sections when the tool-shafts are forced inwardlytoward the tool-engaging members, and means for simultaneously andsynchronously forcin said tool-carrying shafts inwardly to'therebyexpand the grinding sections and also cause the tool to have drivingconnection with said tool-driving members.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature.

JACOB LOWE YOUNG.

